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发信人: kodak (每一次喊你在我心), 信区: oversea
标 题: strategy for using words
发信站: 听涛站 (Sun Oct 29 17:06:48 2000), 转信
Using Words
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Description | Samples | Strategies | Return to Test Results
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Using Words: Analogy
Analogy questions test your ability to analyze relationships between words.
Knowledge of a wide variety of words is an important foundation for any read
ing tasks you are likely to encounter.
Sample Question
INDEFATIGABLE : TIRE ::
(A) insufferable : irritate
(B) persuasive : entreat
(C) implacable : yield
(D) impulsive : tolerate
(E) wistful : yearn
In answering Analogy questions, your first step should be to come up with a
possible way to relate the pair of words in capitals (the "stem" words). One
way of doing this is to imagine a sentence that succinctly describes the co
re relationship between the two stem words. (If you are unfamiliar with one
of the words in the stem pair, use your knowledge of word roots, prefixes, a
nd suffixes to make an educated guess as to what that word might mean.) Once
you have constructed such a sentence, choose a word pair from among the opt
ions that can substitute for the stem pair in the same sentence. Keep in min
d that many words have more than one meaning; if you get stuck, think about
other meanings that could result in the words' having a different relationsh
ip, and formulate a new sentence. For the pair of stem words in this example
, you could construct a sentence such as "A person who is indefatigable does
not usually tire."
Now you can consider the options to see whether a similar relationship holds
for any of the word pairs listed there. Since a person who is implacable do
es not usually yield, option C is the best answer.
Strategy summary:
Construct a sentence that describes a core relationship between the pair of
words in the stem and try to find a word pair among the options that you cou
ld substitute in the same sentence. It helps if you try to make your sentenc
es as detailed as possible, given the words you are considering.
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Using Words: Antonym
Antonym questions test your ability to think about word meanings. Knowledge
of a wide variety of words is an important foundation for any reading tasks
you are likely to encounter. Thinking about various possible meanings of a g
iven word can help you to interpret texts that use words in unusual ways.
Sample Question
BROAD:
(A) consequential
(B) subtle
(C) corrupt
(D) decisive
(E) perceptive
When you read, you encounter words in context. Here you are being asked to c
onsider the meanings of words that are not in context. Your first step shoul
d be to come up with a meaning for the word in capitals (the "stem" word)--t
hat is, imagine a context for it. What would be the opposite of that meaning
? A common meaning of "broad" in a physical context is "wide." The opposite
would be a word like "narrow" or "thin." However, none of the options provid
ed expresses this idea. This signals that you need to consider other possibl
e definitions of "broad" that might be used in other contexts. For example,
"broad" can mean "sweeping," as in a "broad outline," or "obvious," as in "b
road hint." Consider the options again with these meanings of "broad" in min
d.
The word "subtle" in option B means the opposite of "obvious," and so it is
the best answer.
Strategy summary:
Keep in mind that many words have multiple meanings; keep considering differ
ent meanings of the stem until you find a good opposite among the options. I
f you can't find an answer using this strategy on the stem word alone, try c
onsidering various meanings for each of the options as well. You will find t
hat you are often aware of many more meanings of words than just the one tha
t occurs to you at first glance.
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Using Words: Sentence Completion
Sentence Completion questions test the ability to recognize the logical stru
cture of a sentence and the ability to use cue words and contextual informat
ion to complete a sentence. This skill is valuable whenever you are reading
material that contains vocabulary with which you are unfamiliar, or that use
s familiar words in unfamiliar ways. The blanks in the sentences in Sentence
Completion questions are like the mental blanks that an unfamiliar word can
leave in your understanding of a text.
In order to determine what word would be most appropriate to fill in the bla
nk in this sentence, you need to make a hypothesis, based on the information
you do have, about what the sentence must be conveying.
Sample Question
The diplomat, selected for her demonstrated patience and skill in conducting
such delicate negotiations, _______ to make a decision during the talks bec
ause any sudden commitment at that time would have been _______.
(A) resolved . . detrimental
(B) refused . . apropos
(C) declined . . inopportune
(D) struggled . . unconscionable
(E) hesitated . . warranted
Despite the blanks in the sentence, you know that the sentence concerns a di
plomat and a decision she either did or did not make ("The diplomat...______
_ to make a decision..."). Whatever she chose to do about the decision, she
chose it based on some characteristic proper to the decision itself ("...bec
ause any sudden commitment at that time would have been _______.") You also
know that the diplomat is an able diplomat, as it is noted that she was chos
en because she has "demonstrated patience and skill in conducting delicate n
egotiations." So, whatever decision the diplomat makes is probably going to
be a sensible one rather than a blunder.
Putting all this information together, you can make the following hypothesis
: the diplomat must either have chosen to make a decision because that would
have been a good idea, or refused or hesitated to make a decision because t
hat would have been a bad idea. C ("declined..inopportune") is the only opti
on that corresponds to either pattern, so C is the best answer.
Strategy summary:
Use the words that are provided in the sentence to hypothesize what general
sort of word would make sense in the blank. Use cue words like "despite" or
"because" to help narrow your choices.
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