graduate 版 (精华区)
发信人: kodak (每一次喊你在我心), 信区: oversea
标 题: strategy for reading
发信站: 听涛站 (Sun Oct 29 17:07:51 2000), 转信
Reading: Understanding Implicit Meaning
Click on a choice to find out more about this skill.
Description | Samples | Strategies | Return to Test Results
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Reading: Understanding Implicit Meaning
Questions of this type test the ability to infer what is implied or suggeste
d in a passage, as opposed to what is explicitly stated there. This is a vit
al reading skill, especially for graduate students who encounter texts that
first provide information and then build on it to make larger arguments. Suc
h texts are usually very economical in their presentation--they avoid repeti
tion by relying on indirect or implied references to information that has al
ready been presented explicitly at earlier points. Understanding such texts
necessarily involves making inferences about how explicit information in var
ious parts of the text works together to convey ideas that are only implied.
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Sample Question
It is possible for students to obtain
advanced degrees in English while knowing
little or nothing about traditional scholarly
methods. The consequences of this neglect
5
of traditional scholarship are particularly
unfortunate for the study of women writers.
If the canon---the list of authors whose works
are most widely taught---is ever to include
more women, scholars must be well trained
10
in historical scholarship and textual editing.
Scholars who do not know how to read
early manuscripts, locate rare books,
establish a sequence of editions, and so
on are bereft of crucial tools for revising
15
the canon.
To address such concerns, an
experimental version of the traditional
scholarly methods course was designed to
raise students' consciousness about the
20
usefulness of traditional learning for any
modern critic or theorist. To minimize the
artificial aspects of the conventional course,
the usual procedure of assigning a large
number of small problems drawn from the
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entire range of historical periods was
abandoned, though this procedure has the
obvious advantage of at least superficially
familiarizing students with a wide range of
reference sources. Instead students were
30
engaged in a collective effort to do original
work on a neglected eighteenth-century writer,
Elizabeth Griffith, to give them an authentic
experience of literary scholarship and to
inspire them to take responsibility for the
35
quality of their own work.
Griffith's work presented a number of
advantages for this particular pedagogical
purpose. First, the body of extant scholarship
on Griffith was so tiny that it could all be read in
40
a day; thus students spent little time and effort
mastering the literature and had a clear field
for their own discoveries. Griffith's play The
Platonic Wife exists in three versions, enough
to provide illustrations of editorial issues but
45
not too many for beginning students to
manage. In addition, because Griffith was
successful in the eighteenth century, as her
continued productivity and favorable reviews
demonstrate, her exclusion from the canon
50
and virtual disappearance from literary history
also helped raise issues concerning the
current canon.
The range of Griffith's work meant
that each student could become the world's
55
leading authority on a particular Griffith text.
For example, a student studying Griffith's
Wife in the Right saw a first edition of the
play and studied it for some weeks. This
student was suitably shocked and outraged
60
to find its title transformed into A Wife in the
Night in Watt's Bibliotheca Britannica. Such
experiences, inevitable and common in
working on a writer to whom so little attention
has been paid, serve to vaccinate the
65
student---I hope for a lifetime---against
credulous use of reference sources.
It can be inferred that the author of the passage considers traditional sc
holarly methods courses to be
(A) irrelevant to the work of most students
(B) inconsequential because of their narrow focus
(C) unconcerned about the accuracy of reference sources
(D) too superficial to establish important facts about authors
(E) too wide-ranging to approximate genuine scholarly activity
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This example asks you to infer something about what its author must believe
about traditional scholarly methods courses. By considering what the author
states explicitly about such courses, you can reach a conclusion about the a
uthor's unstated opinions.
Your first step is to localize where in the passage the information about su
ch courses is found; the second paragraph discusses such courses at length.
Referring to such courses as "conventional," the author states that these co
urses have "artificial aspects," that their usual procedure is to "assign a
large number of small problems drawn from the entire range of historical per
iods," and that they "superficially" familiarize students with a wide range
of reference sources.
Since the passage contrasts traditional courses with the experimental one, t
he information in the second paragraph about the experimental course is also
relevant to answering the question. The passage as a whole presents the exp
erimental course favorably, and the second paragraph describes how the exper
imental course differs from traditional courses in that the former focuses n
arrowly on a single author's work to provide a more authentic scholarly expe
rience for students. Since the experiment was designed to improve upon tradi
tional courses, we can infer that the author most probably thinks that tradi
tional courses are deficient by virtue of their breadth and artificiality. T
hus the best answer is E.
Strategy Summary:
Determine what explicit information you need to consider in order to make th
e inference required by the question. Localize that explicit information in
the passage and review it, keeping in mind the overall intent of the passage
. Make the best inference you can about what the passage is implying and loo
k among the options to find the clearest match.
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