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发信人: kodak (每一次喊你在我心), 信区: oversea
标 题: strategy for Organization and Argument
发信站: 听涛站 (Sun Oct 29 17:10:45 2000), 转信
Organization and Argument
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Description | Samples | Strategies | Return to Test Results
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Organization and Argument
Some of the questions within this skill category test the ability to identif
y the primary purpose of a reading selection. This skill is important in all
owing you to understand the broad implications of a reading selection--that
is, to gain an understanding beyond simply retaining individual pieces of in
formation contained in the reading.
In order to determine the primary purpose, you must decide how the various p
ieces of information presented in the reading function together to serve an
overall purpose. A good strategy with shorter selections is to determine the
function of each sentence in the passage before trying to determine the ove
rall purpose of the passage. With longer selections, such as this one, it is
more efficient to do this for paragraphs than sentences.
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Sample Question
It is possible for students to obtain
advanced degrees in English while knowing
little or nothing about traditional scholarly
methods. The consequences of this neglect
5
of traditional scholarship are particularly
unfortunate for the study of women writers.
If the canon---the list of authors whose works
are most widely taught---is ever to include
more women, scholars must be well trained
10
in historical scholarship and textual editing.
Scholars who do not know how to read
early manuscripts, locate rare books,
establish a sequence of editions, and so
on are bereft of crucial tools for revising
15
the canon.
To address such concerns, an
experimental version of the traditional
scholarly methods course was designed to
raise students' consciousness about the
20
usefulness of traditional learning for any
modern critic or theorist. To minimize the
artificial aspects of the conventional course,
the usual procedure of assigning a large
number of small problems drawn from the
25
entire range of historical periods was
abandoned, though this procedure has the
obvious advantage of at least superficially
familiarizing students with a wide range of
reference sources. Instead students were
30
engaged in a collective effort to do original
work on a neglected eighteenth-century writer,
Elizabeth Griffith, to give them an authentic
experience of literary scholarship and to
inspire them to take responsibility for the
35
quality of their own work.
Griffith's work presented a number of
advantages for this particular pedagogical
purpose. First, the body of extant scholarship
on Griffith was so tiny that it could all be read in
40
a day; thus students spent little time and effort
mastering the literature and had a clear field
for their own discoveries. Griffith's play The
Platonic Wife exists in three versions, enough
to provide illustrations of editorial issues but
45
not too many for beginning students to
manage. In addition, because Griffith was
successful in the eighteenth century, as her
continued productivity and favorable reviews
demonstrate, her exclusion from the canon
50
and virtual disappearance from literary history
also helped raise issues concerning the
current canon.
The range of Griffith's work meant
that each student could become the world's
55
leading authority on a particular Griffith text.
For example, a student studying Griffith's
Wife in the Right saw a first edition of the
play and studied it for some weeks. This
student was suitably shocked and outraged
60
to find its title transformed into A Wife in the
Night in Watt's Bibliotheca Britannica. Such
experiences, inevitable and common in
working on a writer to whom so little attention
has been paid, serve to vaccinate the
65
student---I hope for a lifetime---against
credulous use of reference sources.
The author of the passage is primarily concerned with
(A) revealing a commonly ignored deficiency
(B) proposing a return to traditional terminology
(C) describing an attempt to correct a shortcoming
(D) assessing the success of a new pedagogical approach
(E) predicting a change in a traditional teaching strategy
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This selection has four paragraphs. The first describes a possible skills de
ficiency and how that deficiency can hinder students. The second describes a
n experimental pedagogical approach designed "to address such concerns," tha
t is, concerns about the deficiency already described. It contrasts "the con
ventional course" of study, characterized as presenting a large number of sm
all problems drawn from many historical periods, with an experimental approa
ch that focused on one particular author. The third and fourth paragraphs de
scribe various aspects of the chosen author's work and show how these provid
ed unique learning opportunities for students participating in the experimen
t.
After looking at the function of each paragraph, it can be concluded that th
e primary purpose of the passage as a whole is to describe an experiment aim
ed at countering a particular deficiency. This makes (C) the best answer to
the question.
It should be noted that answer (D), "assessing the success of a new pedagogi
cal approach," is very attractive but not quite right. Although the passage
gives anecdotal information about student experiences during the study, it d
oes not provide an overall assessment of the actual outcome of the course fo
r student learning. Furthermore, a passage "assessing the actual success of
a new pedagogical approach" would have to give information about how well th
e approach succeeded in achieving its larger aims. In this case, since the p
edagogical approach was intended to teach "traditional scholarly methods" an
d not just the works of one author, the passage would have to provide inform
ation about whether, after the course, students could generalize and apply t
he skills they had learned to the study of other authors. In fact, the passa
ge provides no information about how well the course actually remedied the d
eficiency described in the first paragraph.
Strategy summary:
Consider how individual sentences or paragraphs relate to one another and de
cide what overall purpose they serve. To evaluate a particular answer choice
, imagine what information a passage would have to contain if its overall pu
rpose were the one stated in the answer choice.
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