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发信人: sucky (这念/'suki/,不要念错哦), 信区: material
标 题: 材科讲义(6)
发信站: 听涛站 (2001年06月06日18:21:59 星期三), 站内信件
? 4 Grain growth and Other Changes
1. Normal growth (assuming spherical shape)
l Drive force: Eq.(7-26)
l Velocity: Eq.(7-22)
l Mobility: M μ
l Parabolic rule t = Ct1/2 ( ), Eq.(10-41)
To fill volume, " R,
At constant T, Eq.(10-40)
T dependent Eq.(10-38)
Qimpurity, Dt = Ktn n<<1/2
l Equilibrium condition due to secondary particles
Eq.(7-28); Eq.(10-43)
l Effect of free surface?thermal grooving 热蚀
driving force DG = Dp: [cylindrical Dp = g/R, Eq.(10-43)]
resistant force: (10-47) (10-48)
2. Abnormal grain growth反常晶粒长大
(Second recrystallization 二次再结晶)
l driving force: grain boundary energy
l basic process: diminution of grain boundary
l migration direction: center of curvature 曲率中心
l conditions
(1) grain-growth inhibition 晶粒长大受阻
(2) present of easy-growing grains
(3) raising temperature
(causing dissolution of particles, e.g., MnS in Fe-Si)
3. Recrystallization diagram
Relationship between
l annealing temperature
l amount of cold work (deformation)
l grain size
for constant time e.g. 1hr
4 Annealing twins
l common in fcc metals {111}
such as Cu and Cu alloy, austenite steels
l increase as grain growth
l in condition of ( gC " 5%gi )
ATCgC + ATAgTA + ATBgTB < ATAgAC + ATBgBC
ATCgC + (ATA + ATB)gP < (ATA + ATB)gi or ATCgC + ATAgP < ATAgi
5 Recrystallization texture 再结晶织构
Condition: deformation texture
Hypothesis:
?oriented nucleation:
l subgrain coalescence
l strain induced migration
l rec. texture identical to deformation texture
?oriented growth selection 定向生长择
fast-growing CSL grain boundaries
Application:
To promote it for better magnetic property
e.g., in Fe-3%Si steel
To avoid it or to get special one for deep drawing property
?5 Hot-working of metals
1. Dynamic recovery (Al, a-Fe, Mg)
Comparison with cold worked + recovery
l Same principle:
rearrangement of dislocations, vacancies, and sub-g.b.
local rdis ˉ (disl. tangles)
l Microstructure could be different
2. Dynamic recrystallization (g-Fe, Cu, Ni)
l Same principle
l More competitive with recovery process
driving force rEs reduced in recovery
l Possible to gain smaller grains, and higher rdis
l Affecting factors
dislocation mobility
impurity
second phase particles NbC
l Application:
HSLA (high strength low alloy steels)
a breakthrough in steel design
controlled-rolling
thermomechanical treatment 热机械处理
3. Changes during the subsequent cooling
l Effect of T and t is same as in annealing treatment
l T varies with t
4. Microstructure change ? better properties
l Elimination of micro-voids or creaks
l Formation of fibrous or banded structure
l Enhanced homogeneity
l Fine grains
5. Superplasticity 超塑性
l Conditions:
(1) fine equiaxed grains (nanostructure)
(2) high T. 0.5~0.65 Tm
(3) low 10-2 ~ 10-4mm/mm×s
(4) high strain rate sensitivity (m)
Empirical relationship
l Equilibrium d (dynamic recrystallization and grain growth)
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※ 来源:·听涛站 tingtao.dhs.org·[FROM: 匿名天使的家]
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