material 版 (精华区)
发信人: sunzy (热气球), 信区: material
标 题: Exciting times for superconductors
发信站: 听涛站 (Tue Mar 6 18:21:30 2001), 转信
News: February 2001
Back to Archive Article 14 of 15
Exciting times for superconductors
[26 Feb 2001] The physics community was stunned in January when Jun Akimitsu
of Aoyama-Gakuin University in Tokyo and co-workers discovered superconduct
ivity in a simple metallic compound at 38 K - twice the previous record for
a metallic superconductor. Akimitsu's group publishes its method and results
this week, although several groups have already verified that magnesium dib
oride can indeed support resistance-free current flow (J Akimitsu et al 2001
Nature 410 63). Amid a flurry of activity, evidence is now emerging that -
contrary to initial expectations - the traditional Bardeen-Cooper-Schrieffer
theory of superconductivity can explain the new effect (S L Bud'ko et al 20
01 Phys. Rev. Lett. 86 1877).
The Bardeen-Cooper-Schrieffer (BCS) theory describes how the thermal vibrati
ons of a superconductor's crystal lattice - known as phonons - enable pairs
of electrons to travel through the superconductor without meeting electrical
resistance. It also relates the mass of the atoms in the lattice to the sup
erconducting transition temperature - the temperature below which material c
onducts electricity without resistance. Sergei Bud'ko and co-workers at the
Ames Laboratory of Iowa State University, US, found that they could modify -
and even raise - the transition temperature of the compound by using differ
ent isotopes of boron. This strongly suggests that superconductivity in magn
esium diboride is governed by BCS theory, although it is still possible that
an unknown coupling effect between the pairs of electrons may be obscuring
the result.
New research is appearing in the Los Alamos archive every day as physicists
around the world clamour to establish the properties of the newly discovered
superconductor. The investigations into magnesium diboride range from the t
heoretical - including its critical current density and quantum characterist
ics - to the applied, for example, its ability to form wires and tapes. Futu
re studies may focus on the hunt for superconductivity in similar compounds.
Paul Canfield and his team from Ames Laboratory have also found that magnes
ium diboride superconducts in wire form, raising hopes that the material is
the key to the superconducting devices of the future.
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为了看看阳光,我来到世上;
为了成为阳光,我求索世上。
※ 来源:.听涛站 cces.net.[FROM: 匿名天使的家]
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