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发信人: supernerd (珍惜岁月 拚博人生), 信区: other
标 题: Huge black hole in Milky Way
发信站: 听涛站 (2001年09月07日00:03:16 星期五), 站内信件
On the 26 October last year, a tiny patch of darkness in the constellation
Sagittarius flashed a brief pulse of X-rays into space, providing compelling
evidence that slap-bang in the middle of our Galaxy is one of the weirdest
objects known to astronomers: a supermassive black hole.
So many observations point to the existence of black holes that physicists t
alk about them as if they are old friends, yet no one has ever actually veri
fied their presence.
The length and location of the X-ray pulse make it strong evidence of a blac
k hole at the heart of our Galaxy1. "There's nothing in the known Universe t
hat could be faking this," says Fulvio Melia an X-ray astronomer at the Univ
ersity of Arizona in Tucson.
The flare was released when something, a comet perhaps, was sucked violently
into a black hole, says Frederick Baganoff at the Massachussets Institute o
f Technology. His team spotted it using the orbiting Chandra X-ray Observato
ry.
Astronomers already know that the centre of our Galaxy - a region called Sag
ittarius A* - weighs about 2.6 million times more than our Sun. The flare ca
me from here and lasted about three hours, except for a lull of a crucial 10
minutes.
That the flare disappeared and returned 10 minutes later means that the X-ra
ys took just 10 minutes to cross the entire span of Sagittarius A*. In other
words, the region is less than 15 million kilometres across.
According to the astrophysics rule book, general relativity, such a vast mas
s squeezed into an area so small can mean only one thing: "This has to be a
black hole," says Baganoff.
The Holy Grail
The Milky Way's black hole has been described as the 'Holy Grail' of astroph
ysics. Its edge, the event horizon, "separates our Universe from another wor
ld", says Melia. "Some say that when you cross the event horizon, time becom
es space and space becomes time."
As the physical manifestation of the extremes of physics, theorists hope tha
t black holes can help confirm the bounds of general relativity and take the
m closer to a broader understanding of the Universe.
Although Baganoff's observation is extremely convincing, "nature could be f
ooling us", Melia warns. "It has been cruel to astronomers in the past."
The likelihood is vanishingly small, but the X-rays could have come from som
ething behind or in front of Sagittarius A*, Baganoff admits. The only way t
o rule out this possibility is to go back and look again.
Baganoff's team used Chandra to stare into the heart of darkness for 14 hour
s. "Next year we're going to look for a week," he says. They will also use t
elescopes on Earth to pick up radio waves from the region. If there is a sho
rt flare in both X-rays and radio waves from the same region at the same tim
e "they will have clinched it", says Melia.
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′ { } ヽ 我是一棵秋天的树, 安安静静守着小小疆土
╯ { } ╰ 眼前的繁华我从不羡慕, 因为最美的在心, 不在远处
{ }
// \\
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※ 来源:·听涛站 tingtao.dhs.org·[FROM: 匿名天使的家]
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