foreign_lg 版 (精华区)
发信人: Snail (蜗牛), 信区: foreign_lg
标 题: 美国俚语故事(5)
发信站: 听涛站 (Fri Apr 13 13:27:09 2001), 转信
Guineapig
For centuries, scientists have used animals in medical experiments.
They use animals to test new drugs and improve methods of operating
on people. One of the most commonly used animals in these experiments
is the guineapig.
Someone hearing the name guineapig for the first time might think
this was a kind of pig that comes from the country of guines in West
Africe. But the guineapig is not part of the pig family. It looks more
like a mouse or rat, and the first guineapigs came not from West
Africa, but from South America where they are called "cavies". Small,
longhaired animals were raised by the Incas in Peru. They were first
imported into Europe from South America in the 16th century. Some word
experts say the word guineapig, in this case, was a mistake in the way
the word was spoken, they say the correct word was "Guiana", a former
British colony in South America, now the country of Guyana, and they
say it may have been called a pig because of the pig-like squealing
sound it makes.
Scientists like to experiment on guineapigs because the animals are
small and are easy to control. They reproduce quickly and resist
disease, making them valuable for laboratory tests. Scientists have
used guineapigs to test many important medicines, for example, one of
the most important medicines developed in recent years has been the
vaccine to control the chickenpox disease. Scientists in the United
States tested the chickenpox vaccine on guinespigs and other animals
before testing it on humans.
Guinespigs are not the only animals that scientists use in medical
experiments. But they are among the most common. So the expression
guinespig has come to mean more than just the name of the animals. Now
it means anything or anybody on which an experiment is done. The army may
choose a hundred soldiers as guineapigs to test driving a new tank.
Someone who likes to cook may invite some friends to dinner, because she
wants them to be guineapigs. She wants to know if her guests like the new
kind of food she has cooked. The expression guineapig probably is used
more widely these days than real guineapigs are used in medical experi-
ments. Scientists have developed many experimental methods that allow
them to do medical tests with chemicals and computers instead of animals.
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※ 来源:.听涛站 cces.net.[FROM: 匿名天使的家]
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